Title：Scientific Selection in “Era of Post Ethical Selection”
标题：“后伦理选择时代”的科学选择
Abstract: From the perspective of the “3-stage human civilization” of the Ethical Literary Criticism theory, the period of transition from ethical selection to scientific selection that mankind is experiencing can be called as “the post ethical selection era”. According to the study of science fiction works such as Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Oryx and Crake, Never Let Me Go and Clara and the Sun, we could find that the scientific selection in the "post ethical selection era" is essentially still the ethical selection, because the subject of scientific selection is still ethical human being, because technologies of the gene editing, the cloning, the artificial intelligence and so on are still restricted by ethical and moral norms, and because the imaginative description of scientific selection in those works is also carried out in the perspective of ethical selection. However, the scientific selection also poses many challenges to the subject of ethical selection. For it violates the natural endowment of the subject of ethical selection, infringes upon his/her autonomy, right to know and right to privacy, causes possible harm to his/her life and dignity, aggravates the differentiation and inequality of the subject, leads to alienation of the relationship between the scientific man and the ethical human being and shakes the subjective status of human beings. Facing of the challenges causes by a series of scientific choices, human beings should insist on leading scientific choices with the ethical value orientation of truth and goodness, and build an integrated and multi-winged post-human community with human beings as the main body. This is not only the need of the coordinated development of human, nature and society, but also the inevitable choice as the subject of ethical selection.
摘要：从文学伦理学批评之人类文明三阶段论视域出发，目前人类正在经历的由伦理选择向科学选择过渡的时期可被称为“后伦理选择时代”。通过对《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗？》《羚羊与秧鸡》《别让我走》《克拉拉与太阳》等科幻文学作品的研究可以发现，“后伦理选择时代”的科学选择究其实质仍是伦理选择，不仅由于科学选择的主体仍是伦理的人，基因编辑技术、克隆技术、人工智能技术等仍受到伦理道德规范的制约，而且科幻作品对科学选择的想象性描绘亦在伦理选择的视域中展开。同时，科学选择亦对伦理选择主体提出了诸多挑战，不仅违背了伦理选择主体的自然禀赋，侵犯其自主权、知情权和隐私权，而且有可能构成对其生命和尊严的伤害，加剧伦理选择主体的分化与不平等，导致科学人与伦理人的关系发生异化并动摇人类的主体性地位。面对一系列科学选择带来的挑战，人类应坚持以真-善的伦理价值取向引领科学选择，以人类为主体建构一体多翼的后人类共同体，这既是人-自然-社会协调发展的需要，也是作为伦理选择主体的必然抉择。
Keywords: scientific selection; ethical selection; “post ethical selection era”; 3-stage human civilization; Ethical Literary Criticism
关键词：科学选择；伦理选择；“后伦理选择时代”；人类文明三阶段论；文学伦理学批评
Bio: Su Hui is editor- in- chief of Foreign Literature Studies, professor at the School of Chinese Language and Literature，and the director of the International Center for Ethical Literary Criticism, Central China Normal University. She is the vice president of International Association for Ethical Literary Criticism， the vice president of China Association for Comparative Studies of Languages and Cultures，the vice president of Foreign Literature Committee of Chinese Higher Education Association, and the president of Foreign Literature Studies Association of Hubei Province, China. Her research area covers European and American literature, Ethical Literary Criticism，comparative literary studies, as well as the aesthetics of drama. She has published more than 80 articles, and authored, edited or co-edited more than ten books, including The Development and Variations of Western Comic Aesthetics (2005), Black Humor and the Humor Tradition of American Novel (2013), Ethical Literary Criticism of American Literature (2020), etc.
简介：苏晖，华中师范大学文学院教授，《外国文学研究》杂志主编，国际文学伦理学批评研究会副会长，（中国）中外语言文化比较学会副会长，中国高等教育学会外国文学专业委员会副会长，湖北省外国文学学会会长。主要从事欧美文学、文学伦理学批评、戏剧美学和比较文学的教学与研究。主持国家社科基金重大项目“文学伦理学批评的理论资源与对外传播研究”等多项课题，著有《西方喜剧美学的现代发展与变异》和《黑色幽默与美国小说的幽默传统》、主编《美国文学的伦理学批评》等学术著作，作为专家组成员参加马工程教材《外国文学史》编写，合作主编《文学伦理学批评研究》（五卷）等著作；发表论文90余篇，获得多种奖励。